Cairns, Stephen
Research Zoologist Emeritus
Cairns, Stephen
Research Zoologist Emeritus
Systematics, zoogeography, mineralogy, and phylogeny of Neogene to Recent Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Stylasteridae worldwide.
Positions
- Research Scientist, Emeritus, National Museum of Natural History 1985 -
Geographic Focus
- Deep-water oceanic Continent
Background And Education
Education And Training
- B.A., University of New Orleans
- M.S., University of Miami
- Ph.D., University of Miami
Research And Grants
Investigator On
Publications
Selected Publications
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Article
- Vaga, C. F., Seiblitz, I. G. L., Stolarski, J., Capel, K. C. C., Quattrini, A. M., Cairns, S. D., Huang, D., Quek, R. Z. B., and Kitahara, M. V. 2024. "300 million years apart: the extreme case of macromorphological skeletal convergence between deltocyathids and a turbinoliid coral (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)." Invertebrate Systematics, 38, (4). https://doi.org/10.1071/IS23053. 2024
- Antoine, Pierre-Olivier, Wieringa, Linde N., Adnet, Sylvain, Aguilera, Orangel, Bodin, Stéphanie C., Cairns, Stephen, Conejeros-Vargas, Carlos, Cornée, Jean-Jacques, Ežerinskis, Žilvinas, Fietzke, Jan, Gribenski, Natacha O., Grouard, Sandrine, Hendy, Austin, Hoorn, Carina, Joannes-Boyau, Renaud, Langer, Martin R., Luque, Javier, Marivaux, Laurent, Moissette, Pierre, Nooren, Kees, Quillévéré, Frédéric, Šapolaitė, Justina, Sciumbata, Matteo, Valla, Pierre G., Witteveen, Nina H. et al. 2024. "A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121, (14). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2311597121. 2024
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Rodriguez-Bermudez, Adriana. 2024. "A new species of Plumarella (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia: Primnoidae) from the Northeast Pacific, and the redescription of Plumarella longispina Kinoshita, 1908." Zootaxa, 5477, (3) 387–396. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5477.3.8. 2024
- Filander, Zoleka N., Sink, Kerry J., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., and Lombard, Amanda T. 2024. "Diversity patterns of the South African azooxanthellate scleractinians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), with considerations of environmental correlates." PLOS ONE, 19, (8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296188. 2024
- Capel, Kátia C. C., Zilberberg, Carla, Carpes, Raphael M., Morrison, Cheryl L., Vaga, Claudia F., Quattrini, Andrea M., Zb Quek, Randolph, Huang, Danwei, Cairns, Stephen D., and Kitahara, Marcelo V. 2024. "How long have we been mistaken? Multi-tools shedding light into the systematics of the widespread deep-water genus Madrepora Linnaeus, 1758 (Scleractinia)." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107994. 2024
- Vaga, Claudia Francesca, Seiblitz, Isabela Galvao De Lossio E., Capel, Katia Cristina Cruz, Quattrini, Andrea M., Stolarski, Jaroslaw, Cairns, Stephen D., and Kitahara, Marcelo Visentini. 2024. "Untangling deep‐sea corals systematics: Description of a new family, Stephanocyathidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), through a genomic approach." Zoologica Scripta, https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12657. 2024
- Vaga, Claudia Francesca, Seiblitz, Isabela Galvao De Lossio E., Capel, Katia Cristina Cruz, Quattrini, Andrea M., Stolarski, Jaroslaw, Cairns, Stephen D., and Kitahara, Marcelo Visentini. 2024. "Untangling deep‐sea corals systematics: Description of a new family, Stephanocyathidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), through a genomic approach." Zoologica Scripta, 53, (4) 473–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12657. 2024
- Vaga, C. F., Kitahara, Marcelo V., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2023. "Re-synonymization of the genus Deltocyathoides with Peponocyathus (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Turbinoliidae)." Zootaxa, 5271, (3) 595–598. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.3.12. 2023
- Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen D., Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eléaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledó, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, and Glover, Adrian G. 2022. "Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean." ZooKeys, 1113 1–110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172. 2022
- Seiblitz, I. G. L., Vaga, C. F., Capel, K. C. C., Cairns, Stephen D., Stolarski, J., Quattrini, Andrea M., and Kitahara, M. V. 2022. "Caryophylliids (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) and mitochondrial gene order: Insights from mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenomics." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107565. 2022
- Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., and Lombard, Amanda T. 2022. "Corrigendum: Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1–198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697." ZooKeys, 1129 197–200. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1129.95715. 2022
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Kitahara, Marcelo V. 2022. "Replacement name for the junior homonym Microtrochus Kitahara & Cairns, 2021 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)." Zootaxa, 5175, (2) 300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.2.8. 2022
- Maggioni, Davide, Terraneo, Tullia I., Chimienti, Giovanni, Marchese, Fabio, Pica, Daniela, Cairns, Stephen D., Eweida, Ameer A., Rodrigue, Mattie, Purkis, Sam J., and Benzoni, Francesca. 2022. "The First Deep-Sea Stylasterid (Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae) of the Red Sea." Diversity, 14, (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040241. 2022
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie. 2021. "A brief review of the stony coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) papers published by Zootaxa in its first 20 years." Zootaxa, 4979, (1) 212–214. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.19. 2021
- Cairns, Stephen D., Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Xu, Yu, Zhan, Zifeng, and Alderslade, Philip. 2021. "A new family and two new genera of calcaxonian octocora including a redescription of Pleurogorgia militaris (Cnidaria : Octocorallia : Chrysogorgiidae) and its placement in a new genus." Invertebrate Systematics, 35, (3) 282–297. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS20066. 2021
- Cairns, Stephen D., Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Xu, Yu, Zhan, Zifeng, and Alderslade, Philip. 2021. "A new family and two new genera of calcaxonian octocoral, including a redescription of Pleurogorgia militaris (Cnidaria:Octocorallia:Chrysogorgiidae) and its placement in a new genus." Invertebrate Systematics https://doi.org/10.1071/IS20066 2021
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Haussermann, Vreni. 2021. "A new species of Thouarella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae) from Chile." Spixiana, 44, (1) 1–8. 2021
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2021. "A new species of azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the western Atlantic, and a new name and record of Desmophyllum striatum sensu Cairns, 1979." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 134, (1) 1–5. https://doi.org/10.2988/134-2021-1-5. 2021
- Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., and Lombard, Amanda T. 2021. "Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa." ZooKeys, 1066 1–198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697. 2021
- Bernal, M. C., Cairns, Stephen D., Penchaszadeh, P. E., and Lauretta, D. 2021. "Stylasterids (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Mar del Plata submarine canyon and adjacent area (southwestern Atlantic), with a key to the species off Argentina." Zootaxa, 4969, (3) 401–452. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.3.1. 2021
- Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C., Cairns, Stephen D., and Stolarski, Jarosław. 2021. "Systematic descriptions of the Scleractinia - Family Fungiacyathidae." Treatise Online, 149 1–5. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.15389. 2021
- Salinas-de-León, Pelayo, Martí-Puig, Patricia, Buglass, Salome, Arnés-Urgellés, Camila, Rastoin-Laplane, Etienne, Creemers, Marie, Cairns, Stephen, Fisher, Charles, O'Hara, Timothy, Ott, Bruce, Raineault, Nicole A., Reiswig, Henry, Rouse, Greg, Rowley, Sonia, Shank, Timothy M., Suarez, Jenifer, Watling, Les, Wicksten, Mary K., and Marsh, Leigh. 2020. "Characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna of the Galapagos Islands." Scientific Reports, 10, (1) Article 13894. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70744-1. 2020
- Qurban, Mohammad A., Krishnakumar, Periyadan K., Joydas, Thadickal V., Manikandan, Karuppasamy P., Ashraf, T. T. M., Sampath, Goutham, Thiyagarajan, Duraisamy, He, Song, and Cairns, Stephen D. 2020. "Discovery of deep-water coral frameworks in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia." Scientific Reports, 10, (1) Article 15356. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72344-5. 2020
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2020. "Late Miocene (Messinian) Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Carboneras, southeastern Spain." Journal of Paleontology, 94, (2) 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.91. 2020
- Tachikawa, Hiroyuki, Grygier, Mark J., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2020. "Live specimens of the parasite Petrarca madreporae (Crustacea: Ascothoracida) from the deep-water coral Madrepora oculata in Japan, with remarks on the development of its spectacular galls." Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 28, (1) 58–64. https://doi.org/10.6119/JMST.202002_28(1).0007. 2020
- Bernal, M. C., Cairns, Stephen D., Penchaszadeh, P. E., and Lauretta, D. 2019. "Errina argentina sp. nov., a new stylasterid (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Mar del Plata submarine canyon (Southwest Atlantic)." Marine Biodiversity, 49, (2) 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0861-1. 2019
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Pica, Daniela. 2019. "A new Distichopora species (Cnidaria: Stylasteridae) from the mesophotic zone of Palau." Pacific Science, 73, (4) 493–499. https://doi.org/10.2984/73.4.5. 2019
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Taylor, Michelle L. 2019. "An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae)." ZooKeys, 822 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922. 2019
- Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2019. "Systematic descriptions of the Scleractinia Family Dendrophylliidae." Treatise Online, 119 1–33. 2019
- Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Bayer, Frederick M., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2018. "Callogorgia lucaya sp. nov., a new species of deep-sea Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western Atlantic." Zootaxa, 4441, (3) 529. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.6. 2018
- Lizcano-Sandoval, Luis D. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2018. "A new species of Stylaster (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Malpelo Island, Colombian Pacific." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 131, (1) 175–181. https://doi.org/10.2988/18-00003. 2018
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Wirshing, Herman H. 2018. "A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, (66). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5. 2018
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2018. "Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia." ZooKeys, 729 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779. 2018
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2018. "Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific." Zootaxa, 4532, (1) 1–43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1. 2018
- Cairns, Stephen D., Stone, Robert P., Moon, Hye-Won, and Lee, Jong Hee. 2018. "Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) from the Emperor Seamounts, with Notes on Callogorgia elegans (Gray, 1870)." Pacific Science, 72, (1) 125–142. https://doi.org/10.2984/72.1.8. 2018
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2018. "[Correction:] Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia (vol 729, pg 1, 2018)." Zookeys, (735) 141–141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.23890. 2018
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Cordeiro, Ralf T. S. 2017. "A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the northwest Atlantic." ZooKeys, 668 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203. 2017
- Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Cairns, Stephen D., and Perez, Carlos D. 2017. "A revision of the genus Radicipes Stearns, 1883 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Chrysogorgiidae)." Zootaxa, 4319, (1) 1–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.1. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. "New azooxanthellate genus of Scleractinia (Flabellidae) from the Australian Cenozoic." Journal of Paleontology, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.83. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. "New species of stylasterid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands." Pacific Science, 71, (1) 77–81. https://doi.org/10.2984/71.1.7. 2017
- Baron-Szabo, R. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. "Part F, Revised, Volume 2, Chapter 11: Systematic descriptions of the Scleractinia family Micrabaciidae." Treatise Online, 98 1–8. 2017
- Creed, Joel C., Fenner, Douglas, Sammarco, Paul, Cairns, Stephen D., Capel, Ká, Junqueira, Andrea O. R., Cruz, Igor, Miranda, Ricardo J., Carlos-Junior, Lelis, Mantelatto, Marcelo Checoli, and Oigman-Pszczol, Simone. 2017. "The invasion of the azooxanthellate coral Tubastraea (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) throughout the world: history, pathways and vectors." Biological Invasions, 19, (1) 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1279-y. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "A key to the genera and species of the transversely-dividing Flabellidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia, Flabellidae), with a guide to the literature, and the description of two new species." Zookeys, 562 1–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.7310. 2016
- Araya, F. A., Araya, M., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "First record of the azooxanthellate coral genus Coenocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 in the southeastern Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)." Spixiana, 39, (1) 23–27. 2016
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "New abyssal Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, equatorial northeastern Pacific." Marine Biodiversity, 46, (1) 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0340-x. 2016
- Haussermann, V., Forsterra, G., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "New record of the primnoid gorgonian Primnoella delicatissima Kukenthal, 1909 for Chilean waters." Spixiana, 39, (2) 147–148. 2016
- Baron-Szabo, R. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "Part F, revised, volume 2, chapter 10: Systematic descriptions of the Scleractinia family Rhizangiidae." Treatise Online, 80 1–10. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.v0i0.6462. 2016
- Schejter, Laura, Bremec, Claudia S., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "Scleractinian corals recorded in the Argentinean Antarctic expeditions between 2012 and 2014, with comments on Flabellum (Flabellum) areum Cairns, 1982." Polar Research, 35, (1) 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.29762. 2016
- Madin, Joshua S., Anderson, Kristen D., Andreasen, Magnus Heide, Bridge, Tom C. L., Cairns, Stephen D., Connolly, Sean R., Darling, Emily S., Diaz, Marcela, Falster, Daniel S., Franklin, Erik C., Gates, Ruth D., Hoogenboom, Mia O., Huang, Danwei, Keith, Sally A., Kosnik, Matthew A., Kuo, Chao-Yang, Lough, Janice M., Lovelock, Catherine E., Luiz, Osmar, Martinelli, Julieta, Mizerek, Toni, Pandolfi, John M., Pochon, Xavier, Pratchett, Morgan S., Putnam, Hollie M. et al. 2016. "The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans." Scientific Data, 3 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.17. 2016
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Zibrowius, Helmut. 2016. "Two new species of Flabellum (Scleractinia: Flabellidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 129, (1) 157–163. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q2.157. 2016
- Breedy, Odalisca, Cairns, Stephen D., and Häussermann, Verena. 2015. "A new alcyonacean octocoral (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from Chilean fjords." Zootaxa, 3919, (2) 327–334. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3919.2.5. 2015
- Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2015. "A new rhizangiid genus from the Miocene of North America (Sclerangia n. gen.; Florida, USA)." Paleontological Contributions, (13) 1–3. 2015
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Samimi-Namin, Kaveh. 2015. "A new species of Stylaster (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from the Arabian Sea, off Oman." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 128, (4) 209–215. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-128.4.209. 2015
- Morgan, Nicole B., Cairns, Stephen D., Reiswig, Henry, and Baco, Amy R. 2015. "Benthic megafaunal community structure of cobalt-rich manganese crusts on Necker Ridge." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 104 92–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.07.003. 2015
- Bayer, Frederick M., Cairns, Stephen D., Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., and Pérez, Carlos D. 2015. "New records of the genus Callogorgia (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) in the western Atlantic, including the description of a new species." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, (5) 905–911. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414001957. 2015
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Wirshing, Herman H. 2015. "Phylogenetic reconstruction of scleraxonian octocorals supports the resurrection of the family Spongiodermidae (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea)." Invertebrate Systematics, 29, (4) 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS14063. 2015
- Pica, Daniela, Cairns, Stephen D., Puce, Stefania, and Newman, William A. 2015. "Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid corals including a new species, Errina labrosa sp. n. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae), with notes on some symbiotic scalpellids (Cirripedia,Thoracica, Scalpellidae)." ZooKeys, 472 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8547. 2015
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2015. "Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) of the New Caledonian region." Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 207 1–362. 2015
- Qurban, Mohammad A., Krishnakumar, P. K., Joydas, T. V., Manikandan, K. P., Ashraf, T. T. M., Quadri, S. I., Wafar, M., Qasem, Ali, and Cairns, Stephen D. 2014. "In-situ observation of deep water corals in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 89 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.002. 2014
- Lindner, A., Cairns, Stephen D., and Zibrowius, Helmut. 2014. "Leptohelia flexibilis gen.nov.et sp.nov., a remarkable deep-sea stylasterid (Cnidaria; Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from the southwest Pacific." Zootaxa, 3900, (4) 581–591. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3900.4.8. 2014
- Roberts, J. Murray and Cairns, Stephen D. 2014. "Cold-water corals in a changing ocean." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 7 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.01.004. 2014
- Taylor, M. L., Cairns, Stephen D., Agnew, D. J., and Rogers, A. D. 2013. "A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella Versluys, 1906." Zootaxa, 3602, (1) 1–105. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1. 2013
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Polonio, Virginia. 2013. "New records of deep-sea Scleractinia off Argentina and the Falkland Islands." Zootaxa, 3691, (1) 58–86. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.2. 2013
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Zibrowius, Helmut. 2013. "Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa." Zootaxa, 3691, (1) 1–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1. 2013
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Kitahara, Marcelo V. 2012. "An illustrated key to the genera and subgenera of the Recent Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa), with an attached glossary." ZooKeys, 227 1–47. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3612. 2012
- Baco, Amy R. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2012. "Comparing molecular variation to morphological species designations in the deep-sea coral Narella reveals new insights into seamount coral ranges." PLoS ONE, 7, (9) 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045555. 2012
- Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Stolarski, Jarosław, and Miller, David J. 2012. "Deltocyathiidae, an early-diverging family of Robust corals (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)." Zoologica Scripta, 42, (2) 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00575.x. 2012
- Jameson, Stephen C. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2012. "Neotypes for Porites porites (Pallas, 1766) and Porites divaricata LeSueur, 1820 and remarks on other western Atlantic species of Porites (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 125, (2) 189–207. https://doi.org/10.2988/11-07.1. 2012
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2012. "New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea). Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa." NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs, 126 1–100. 2012
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2012. "New primnoid genus and species (Alcyonacea: Primnoidae) from the southwestern Atlantic." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 125, (2) 180–188. https://doi.org/10.2988/11-35.1. 2012
- Appeltans, Ward, Ahyong, Shane T, Anderson, Gary, Angel, Martin V, Artois, Tom, Bailly, Nicolas, Bamber, Roger, Barber, Anthony, Bartsch, Ilse, Berta, Annalisa, Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena, Bock, Phil, Boxshall, Geoff, Boyko, Christopher B, Brandão, Simone Nunes, Bray, Rod A, Bruce, Niel L, Cairns, Stephen D., Chan, Tin-Yam, Cheng, Lanna, Collins, Allen Gilbert, Cribb, Thomas, Curini-Galletti, Marco, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Davie, Peter J F. et al. 2012. "The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity." Current Biology, 22, (23) 2189–2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036. 2012
- Kitahara, Marcelo V., Stolarski, J., Cairns, Stephen D., Benzoni, F., Stake, J. L., and Miller, D. J. 2012. "The first modern solitary Agariciidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) revealed by molecular and microstructural analysis." Invertebrate Systematics, 26, (3) 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS11053. 2012
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Lindner, Alberto. 2011. "A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and adjacent Waters." ZooKeys, 158 1–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910. 2011
- Janiszewska, K., Stolarski, J., Benzerara, K., Meibom, A., Mazur, M., Kitahara, Marcelo V., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2011. "A unique skeletal microstructure of the deep-sea micrabaciid scleractinian corals." Journal of Morphology, 272 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10906. 2011
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2011. "Global Diversity of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae)." PLoS ONE, 6, (7) e21670. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021670. 2011
- Stolarski, Jaroslaw, Kitahara, Marcelo V., Miller, David J., Cairns, Stephen D., Maciej, Mazur, and Meibom, Anders. 2011. "The ancient evolutionary origins of Scleractinia revealed by azooxanthellate corals." BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, (316) 1–10. 2011
- Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Stolarski, J., Blair, D., and Miller, D. J. 2010. "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial CO1 sequence data." PLOS One, 5, (7) 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011490. 2010
- Sammarco, P. W., Porter, S. A., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2010. "A new coral species introduced into the Atlantic Ocean – Tubastraea micranthus (Ehrenberg 1834) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia): an invasive threat?" Aquatic Invasions, 5, (2) 131–140. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2010.5.2.02. 2010
- Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., and Miller, D. J. 2010. "Monophyletic origin of Caryophyllia (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae), with descriptions of six new species." Systematics and Biodiversity, 81, (1) 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000903571088. 2010
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2010. "Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella." Pacific Science, 64, (3) 413–440. https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413. 2010
- Kitahara, Marcelo V. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. "A revision of the genus Deltocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae) from New Caledonia, with the description of a new species." Zoosystema, 31, (2) 233–248. https://doi.org/10.5252/z2009n2a2. 2009
- Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadia, and Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. "Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean." Zootaxa, 2262 1–39. 2009
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. "Influence of Frederick (Ted) M. Bayer on deep-water octocoral research." Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397 7–10, 18 supp. 2009
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. "Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai’i and adjacent seamounts. Part 2. Genera Paracalyptrophora Kinoshita, 1908; Candidella Bayer, 1954; and Calyptrophora Gray, 1866." Pacific Science, 63, (3) 413–448. https://doi.org/10.2984/049.063.0309. 2009
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Bayer, Frederick M. 2008. "A review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts: the genus Narella Gray, 1870." Pacific Science, 62, (1) 85–115. 2008
- Amaral, F. M. D., Steiner, A. Q., Broadhurst, M. K., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2008. "An overview of the shallow-water calcified hydroids from Brazil (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria), including the description of a new species." Zootaxa, 1930 56–68. 2008
- Lindner, A., Cairns, Stephen D., and Cunningham, C. W. 2008. "From offshore to onshore: multiple origins of shallow-water corals from deep-sea ancestors." Plos One, 3, (6) 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002429. 2008
- Kitahara, Marcelo V. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2008. "New records of the genus Crispatotrochus (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae) from New Caledonia, with description of a new species." Zootaxa, 1940 59–68. 2008
- Gonzalez-Romero, S., Reyes-Bonilla, H., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2008. "Range extensions of three species of the family Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) in the eastern Pacific Ocean." JMBA2 - Biodiversity Records, 2–2. 2008
- Viada, S. T. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2007. "A new species of Nicella (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western Atlantic." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120, (2) 227–231. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[227:ANSONA]2.0.CO;2. 2007
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2007. "Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from eastern Pacific seamounts." Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 58, (25) 511–541. 2007
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2007. "Deep-water corals: an overview with special reference to diversity and distribution of deep-water scleractinian corals." Bulletin of Marine Science, 81, (3) 311–322. 2007
- Cairns, Stephen D., Bayer, Frederick M., and Fautin, D. G. 2007. "Galatheanthemum profundale (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in the western Atlantic." Bulletin of Marine Science, 80, (1) 191–200. 2007
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Baco, A. 2007. "Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." Systematics and Biodiversity, 5, (4) 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472. 2007
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2007. "Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Gorgonacea: Ellisellidae). Part 7: The genera Riisea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 and Nicella Gray, 1870." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120, (1) 1–38. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[1:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2. 2007
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2007. "Studies on western Atlantic octocorallia (Gorgonacea : Primnoidae). Part 8: New records of Primnoidae from the New England and corner rise seamounts." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120, (3) 243–263. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2. 2007
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Book
- Stone, Robert P., Cairns, Stephen D., Opresko, Dennis M., Williams, Gary C., and Masuda, Michele M. 2023. A Guide to the Corals of Alaska. Seattle, Washington: National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. In NOAA Professional Papers, 23. https://doi.org/10.7755/PP.23. 2023
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2021. The marine fauna of New Zealand : Primnoid octocorals (Anthozoa, Alcyonacea) Part 3. Thouarella, and additional records of other primnoid species. Wellington, NZ: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. In NIWA biodiversity Memoir, 133. 2021
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Hourigan, Thomas F. 2017. A Comprehensive List of Deep-Sea Corals Occurring in the EEZ of the United States and its Possessions. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U. S. Caribbean Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: New Zealand Primnoidae octocorals (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea). Part 2. Primnoella, Callozostron, Metafannyella, Fanellia and other genera. Wellington, New Zealand: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). In NIWA Biodiversity Memoir. 2016
- Tracey, D., Mackay, E., Cairns, Stephen D., Optesko, D., Alderslade, P., Sanchez, J., and Williams, G. 2014. Coral Identification Guide, 2nd ed. Wellington: Department of Conservation. 2014
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2011. A Revision of the Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. In Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 634. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634. 2011
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Bayer, Frederick M. 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). In Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629. 2009
- Roberts, J. M., Wheeler, A., Freiwald, A., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. Cold-Water Corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Habitats. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009
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Chapter
- Macpherson, Diana, Tracey, Di, Bilewitch, Jaret, Opresko, Dennis, Bo, Marzia, Kitahara Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen, Sinniger, Frederic, Kessel, Gustav, Alderslade, Phil, Rodriguez, Estefania, Neill, Kate, Miranda, Lucila Souza, Schuchert, Peter, and Gordon, Dennis P. 2023. "Kingdom Animalia, phylum Cnidaria (corals, medusae, anemones, hydroids, staurozoans, & myxozoans)." In The Marine Biota of Aotearoa New Zealand. Updating our marine biodiversity inventory. Kelly, Michelle, Mills, S., Terezow, M., SIm-Smith, Carina, and Nelson, W., editors. 131–155. In NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 136. 2023
- Hourigan, Thomas F., Etnoyer, Peter J., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. "Introduction to the State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States." In The State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. Hourigan, Thomas F., Etnoyer, Peter J., and Cairns, Stephen D., editors. 1–38. Silver Spring: NOAA. In NOAA Technical Memorandum NFS-OHC-4. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D., Stone, R. P., Berntson, E. A., and Pomponi, S. A. 2017. "Species Discovery of Deep-Water Corals and Sponges in U.S. Waters." In The State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NFS-OHC-4. Hourigan, T. F., Etnoyer, P. J., and Cairns, Stephen D., editors. 39–57. Silver Spring: NOAA. 2017
- Pérez, Carlos Daniel, Neves, Bárbara, Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Williams, Gary C., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2016. "Diversity and Distribution of Octocorallia." In The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future. Goffredo, Stefano and Dubinsky, Zvy, editors. 109–123. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_8. 2016
- Bax, N. N. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2014. "Stylasteridae (Cnidaria; Hydrozoa)." In Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. DeBroyer, C.,, Koubbi, P., Griffisths, H. J., and Raymond, B., editors. 107–112. Cambridge: SCAR. 2014
- Watson, J., deCook, S., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2010. "Chapter 3: Phylum Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa." In New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates, Volume 1. deCook, S., editor. 177–228. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. 2010
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Fautin, D. G. 2009. "Chapter 12. Cnidaria: Introduction." In Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Volume 1. Biodiversity.. Felder, Darryl L. and Camp, David K., editors. 315–319. College Station, Texas.: Texas A&M Press. 2009
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Bayer, Frederick M. 2009. "Chapter 13. Octocorallia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico." In Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Volume 1. Biodiversity.. Felder, Darryl L. and Camp, David K., editors. 321–331. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Press. 2009
- Cairns, Stephen D., Jaap, W. C., and Lang, J. C. 2009. "Chapter 14. Scleractinia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico." In Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Volume 1. Biodiversity.. Felder, Darryl L. and Camp, David K., editors. 333–346. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Press. 2009
- Calder, D. R. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. "Chapter 19. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico." In Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Volume 1. Biodiversity.. Felder, Darryl L. and Camp, David K., editors. 381–394. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Press. 2009
- Ofwegen, L., Breedy, Odalisca, and Cairns, Stephen D. 2009. "Octocorallia - Octocorals." In Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Haussermann, V. and Forsterra, G., editors. 177–214. Santiago, Chile: Nature in Focus. 2009
- Cairns, Stephen D., Gerhswin, Lisa A., Brook, Fred, Pugh, Philip R., Dawson, Elliott W., Ocaña V, Oscar, Vervoort, Will, Williams, Gary, Watson, Jeanette, Opresko, Dennis M., Schuchert, Peter, Hine, P. Michael, Gordon, Dennis P., Campbell, Hamish J., Wright, Athony J., Sanchez, Juana, and Fautin, Daphne G. 2009. "Phylum Cnidaria; Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoa." In New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Gordon, Dennis P., editor. 59–101. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. 2009
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Dataset
- Packer, David B., Nizinski, Martha S., Cairns, Stephen D., and Hourigan, Thomas F. 2017. [Dataset] Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Northeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. Distributed by Silver Spring, MD: States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS‐OHC‐4. 2017
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Webpage
- Cairns, Stephen D. and Hourigan, T. F. 2017. A Comprehensive List of Known Deep-Sea Corals Occurring in the EEZ of the United States and its Possessions. 2017
- Stone, R. P. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the Alaska Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Parrish, F. A., Baco-Taylor, A., Kelley, C., Cairns, Stephen D., and Hourigan, T. F. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the Hawaiian Archipelago and other U.S. Pacific Islands: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Caribbean Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Etnoyer, P. J. and Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Packer, D. B., Nizinski, M. S., Cairns, Stephen D., and Hourigan, T. F. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Northeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Hourigan, T. F., Cairns, Stephen D., Reed, J., and Ross, S. W. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Southeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
- Whitmire, C. E., Clarke, M. E., Yoklavich, M. M., Everett, M. V., Hourigan, T. F., and Cairns, Stephen D. 2017. Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. West Coast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution. 2017
Editor Of
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Book
- Kitahara, Marcelo V. 2021. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New aledonia, Cairns, Stephen D., editor. Paris, France: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. In Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos, Mem. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 2021
- George, R. Y. and Cairns, Stephen D., editors. 2007. Conservation and Adaptive Management of Seamount and Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems. Miami: University of Miami. 2007
- George, R. Y. and Cairns, Stephen D., editors. 2007. Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems; Biology and Geology. Miami: University of Miami. In Third International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. 2007
Affiliation
Member Of
Contact
Location
- National Museum of Natural History Academic Department
