Schultz, Ted

Research Entomologist and Curator of Hymenoptera

Evolution and systematics of ants, especially the fungus-farming ants (tribe Attini, subfamily Myrmicinae); historical ecology and evolution of the fungus-farming behavior; theory and method of phylogenetic analysis; quantitative methods for assessing ant biodiversity

Geographic Focus

Background And Education

Education And Training

B.A., University of California, Berkeley
Ph.D., Cornell University

Awards And Honors

NMNH Collections Achievement Award, 2021
Elected Fellow, conferred by American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021
NMNH Science Achievement Award , 2016
NMNH Science Achievement Award , 2015
NMNH Peer Recognition Award, 2015
NMNH Science Achievement Award , 2012
Smithsonian Institution Secretary's Research Prize, 2009
NMNH Outreach Achievement Award, 2009
NMNH Science Achievement Award , 2008

Research And Grants

Investigator On

Publications

Selected Publications

Article
- Leal-Dutra, Caio, Shik, Jonathan Z., Boomsma, Jacobus J., and Schultz, Ted R. 2024. "How fungus-farming ants have nourished biology for 150 years." Nature, 635, (8037) 39. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03613-w. 2024
- Neves, Karen C., Andersen, Alan N., Schultz, Ted R., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2024. "Macroecological patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity vary between ground and arboreal assemblages in Neotropical savanna ants." Ecography, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07122. 2024
- Schultz, Ted R., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Kweskin, Matthew P., Lloyd, Michael W., Dentinger, Bryn, Kooij, Pepijn W., Vellinga, Else C., Rehner, Stephen A., Rodrigues, Andre, Montoya, Quimi V., Fernández-Marín, Hermógenes, Ješovnik, Ana, Niskanen, Tuula, Liimatainen, Kare, Leal-Dutra, Caio, Solomon, Scott E., Gerardo, Nicole M., Currie, Cameron R., Bacci, Mauricio, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Rabeling, Christian, Faircloth, Brant C., and Doyle, Vinson P. 2024. "The coevolution of fungus-ant agriculture." Science, 386, (6717) 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn7179. 2024
- Neves, K., Santos, B., Schultz, Ted R., Gotzek, Dietrich A., Abreu, R. C. R., Durigan, G., and Vasconcelos, H. L. 2023. "Woody encroachment affects multiple dimensions of ant diversity in a neotropical savanna." Insect Conservation and Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12633. 2023
- Gotting, Kirsten, May, Daniel S., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Khadempour, Lily, Francoeur, Charlotte B., Berasategui, Aileen, Thairu, Margaret W., Sandstrom, Shelby, Carlson, Caitlin M., Chevrette, Marc G., Pupo, Mônica T., Bugni, Tim S., Schultz, Ted R., Johnston, J. S., Gerardo, Nicole M., and Currie, Cameron R. 2022. "Genomic diversification of the specialized parasite of the fungus-growing ant symbiosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, (51). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213096119. 2022
- Branstetter, Michael G., Longino, John T., Reyes-Lopez, Joaquin L., Brady, Sean G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "Out of the temperate zone: A phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants." Journal of Biogeography, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14462. 2022
- Williams, Jason L., Zhang, Y. M., LaPolla, John S., Schultz, Ted R., and Lucky, Andrea. 2022. "Phylogenomic Delimitation of Morphologically Cryptic Species in Globetrotting Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Complexes." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6, (1) 10. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab027. 2022
- Hanisch, Priscila Elena, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "The Last Piece of the Puzzle? Phylogenetic Position and Natural History of the Monotypic Fungus-Farming Ant Genus Paramycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini)." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6, (1) 11. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab029. 2022
- Camacho, G. P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M. G., Pie, M. R., Longino, J. T., Schultz, Ted R., and Feitosa, R. M. 2022. "UCE Phylogenomics Resolves Major Relationships Among Ectaheteromorph Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A New Classification For the Subfamilies and the Description of a New Genus." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6, (1) 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab026. 2022
- Fernandes, Itanna O., Larabee, Fredrick J., Oliveira, Marcio L., Delabie, Jacques H. C., and Schultz, Ted R. 2021. "A global phylogenetic analysis of trap-jaw ants, Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)." Systematic Entomology, 46, (3) 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12483. 2021
- Barrera, Corina A., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., Rabeling, Christian, and Bacci, Mauricio. 2021. "Phylogenomic reconstruction reveals new insights into the evolution and biogeography of Atta leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Systematic Entomology, https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12513. 2021
- Cardenas, Cody Raul, Luo, Amy Rongyan, Jones, Tappey H., Schultz, Ted R., and Adams, Rachelle M. M. 2021. "Using an integrative taxonomic approach to delimit a sibling species, Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos sp. nov. (Formicidae: Attini: Attina)." Peerj, 9 e11622–e11622. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11622. 2021
- Li, Hongjie, Sun, Chang-Yu, Fang, Yihang, Carlson, Caitlin M., Xu, Huifang, Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Zarnowski, Robert, Bechtel, Hans A., Fournelle, John H., Andes, David R., Schultz, Ted R., Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A., and Currie, Cameron R. 2020. "Biomineral armor in leaf-cutter ants." Nature Communications, 11, (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19566-3. 2020
- Williams, Jason L., Zhang, Yuanmeng Miles, Lloyd, Michael W., LaPolla, John S., Schultz, Ted R., and Lucky, Andrea. 2020. "Global domination by crazy ants: phylogenomics reveals biogeographical history and invasive species relationships in the genus Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Systematic Entomology, https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12423. 2020
- Borowiec, Marek L., Rabeling, Christian, Brady, Sean G., Fisher, Brian L., Schultz, Ted R., and Ward, Philip S. 2019. "Compositional heterogeneity and outgroup choice influence the internal phylogeny of the ants." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 134 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.024. 2019
- Neves, Karen, Moura, Mario R., Maravalhas, Jonas, Pacheco, Renata, Pie, Marcio R., Schultz, Ted R., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2019. "Functional richness shows spatial scale dependency in Pheidole ant assemblages from Neotropical savannas." Ecology and Evolution, 9, (20) 11734–11741. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5672. 2019
- Sosa‐Calvo, Jeffrey, Fernández, Fernando, and Schultz, Ted R. 2019. "Phylogeny and evolution of the cryptic fungus-farming ant genus Myrmicocrypta F. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) inferred from multilocus data." Systematic Entomology, 44, (1) 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12313. 2019
- Solomon, Scott E., Rabeling, Christian, Sosa‐Calvo, Jeffrey, Lopes, Cauê T., Rodrigues, André, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Bacci, Maurício, Mueller, Ulrich G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2019. "The molecular phylogenetics of Trachymyrmex Forel ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and coevolutionary history of ‘higher‐attine’ ant agriculture." Systematic Entomology, 44, (4) 939–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12370. 2019
- Hamilton, Natalie, Jones, Tappey H., Shik, Jonathan Z., Wall, Bonnie, Schultz, Ted R., Blair, Haley A., and Adams, Rachelle M. M. 2018. "Context is everything: mapping Cyphomyrmex-derived compounds to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny." Chemoecology, 28, (4-5) 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-018-0265-5. 2018
- Li, Hongjie, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Horn, Heidi A., Pupo, Mô, Clardy, Jon, Rabeling, Christian, Schultz, Ted R., and Currie, Cameron R. 2018. "Convergent evolution of complex structures for ant–bacterial defensive symbiosis in fungus-farming ants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, (42) 10720–10725. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809332115. 2018
- Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., Jesovnik, Ana, Dahan, Romain A., and Rabeling, Christian. 2018. "Evolution, systematics, and natural history of a new genus of cryptobiotic fungus-growing ants." Systematic Entomology, 43, (3) 549–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12289. 2018
- Jesovnik, Ana, Chaul, Julio, and Schultz, Ted R. 2018. "Natural history and nest architecture of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Myrmecological News, 26 65–80. 2018
- Blaimer, Bonnie B., Ward, Philip S., Schultz, Ted R., Fisher, Brian L., and Brady, Seán G. 2018. "Paleotropical Diversification Dominates the Evolution of the Hyperdiverse Ant Tribe Crematogastrini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 2, (5). https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy013. 2018
- Mueller, Ulrich G., Ishak, Heather D., Bruschi, Sofia M., Smith, Chad C., Herman, Jacob J., Solomon, Scott E., Mikheyev, Alexander S., Rabeling, Christian, Scott, Jarrod J., Cooper, Michael, Rodrigues, Andre, Ortiz, Adriana, Brandão, Carlos R. F., Lattke, John E., Pagnocca, Fernando C., Rehner, Stephen A., Schultz, Ted R., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Adams, Rachelle M. M., Bollazzi, Martin, Clark, Rebecca M., Himler, Anna G., LaPolla, John S., Leal, Inara R., Johnson, Robert A. et al. 2017. "Biogeography of mutualistic fungi cultivated by leafcutter ants." Molecular Ecology, 26, (24) 6921–6937. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14431. 2017
- Sosa-Calvo, J., Ješovnik, A., Lopes, C. T., Rodrigues, A., Rabeling, C., Bacci, M., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Biology of the relict fungus-farming ant Apterostigma megacephala Lattke, including descriptions of the male, gyne, and larva." Insectes Sociaux, 64, (3) 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-017-0550-2. 2017
- Jesovnik, Ana and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Corrigenda: Ješovnik A, Schultz TR (2017) Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)." ZooKeys, 691 201–204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.15088. 2017
- Branstetter, Michael G., Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lloyd, Michael W., Faircloth, Brant C., Brady, Seán G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Dry habitats were crucibles of domestication in the evolution of agriculture in ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284, (1852). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0095. 2017
- Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lloyd, Michael W., Branstetter, Michael G., Fernández, Fernando, and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Phylogenomic species delimitation and host-symbiont coevolution in the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve a recent radiation." Systematic Entomology, 42, (3) 523–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12228. 2017
- Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Ješovnik, Ana, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Bacci, Mauricio, and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Rediscovery of the enigmatic fungus-farming ant "Mycetosoritis" asper Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Implications for taxonomy, phylogeny, and the evolution of agriculture in ants." PloS One, 12, (5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176498. 2017
- Jesovnik, Ana and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)." Zookeys, (670) 1–109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839. 2017
- Boomsma, Jacobus J., Brady, Seán Gary, Dunn, Robert R., Gadau, Juergen, Heinze, Juergen, Keller, Laurent, Moreau, Corrie S., Sanders, Nathan J., Schrader, Lukas, Schultz, Ted R., Sundstrom, Lotta, Ward, Philip S., Wcislo, William T., Zhang, Guojie, and GAGA Consortium. 2017. "The Global Ant Genomics Alliance (GAGA)." Myrmecological News, 25 61–66. 2017
- Jaitrong, Weeyawat and Schultz, Ted R. 2016. "Aenictus shilintongae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae), an army ant of the Aenictus laeviceps species group from China." The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal, 10, (2) 67–74. 2016
- Ward, P. S., Brady, Seán G., Fisher, B. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2016. "Phylogenetic classifications are informative, stable, and pragmatic: the case for monophyletic taxa." Insectes Sociaux, 63, (4) 489–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-016-0516-9. 2016
- Ješovnik, Ana, González, Vanessa L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2016. "Phylogenomics and Divergence Dating of Fungus-Farming Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Genera Sericomyrmex and Apterostigma." PloS One, 11, (7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151059. 2016
- Nygaard, Sanne, Hu, Haofu, Li, Cai, Schiott, Morten, Chen, Zhensheng, Yang, Zhikai, Xie, Qiaolin, Ma, Chunyu, Deng, Yuan, Dikow, Rebecca B., Rabeling, Christian, Nash, David R., Wcislo, William T., Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., Zhang, Guojie, and Boomsma, Jacobus J. 2016. "Reciprocal genomic evolution in the ant-fungus agricultural symbiosis." Nature Communications, 7 e12233. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12233. 2016
- Rabeling, C., Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, M., Jr., and Bollazzi, M. 2015. "Acromyrmex charruanus: a new inquiline social parasite species of leaf-cutting ants." Insectes Sociaux, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0406-6. 2015
- Fernandes, Itanna O., Souza, Jorge L. P., C., Fernando Fernández, Delabie, Jacques H. C., and Schultz, Ted R. 2015. "A new species of Simopelta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Brazil and Costa Rica." Zootaxa, 3956, (2) 295–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.10. 2015
- Blaimer, Bonnie B., Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., and Fisher, Brian L. 2015. "Functional and phylogenetic approaches reveal the evolution of diversity in a hyper diverse biota." Ecography, 38, (9) 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01370. 2015
- Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Jesovnik, Ana, Okonski, Eugenia, and Schultz, Ted R. 2015. "Locating, collecting, and maintaining colonies of fungus-farming ants (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae: Attini)." Sociobiology, 62, (2). https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.300-320. 2015
- Wilkerson, Richard C., Linton, Yvonne-Marie, Fonseca, Dina M., Schultz, Ted R., Price, Dana C., and Strickman, Daniel A. 2015. "Making Mosquito Taxonomy Useful: A Stable Classification of Tribe Aedini that Balances Utility with Current Knowledge of Evolutionary Relationships." PloS One, 10, (7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133602. 2015
- Blaimer, Bonnie B., Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., Lloyd, Michael W., Fisher, Brian L., and Ward, Philip S. 2015. "Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants." BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15, (1) 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0552-5. 2015
- Schultz, Ted R., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Brady, Seán Gary, Lopes, Cauê T., Mueller, Ulrich G., Bacci, Mauricio, and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2015. "The Most Relictual Fungus-Farming Ant Species Cultivates the Most Recently Evolved and Highly Domesticated Fungal Symbiont Species." American Naturalist, 185, (5) 693–703. https://doi.org/10.1086/680501. 2015
- Ward, Philip S., Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, Brian L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2015. "The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade." Systematic Entomology, 40, (1) 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12090. 2015
- Masiulionis, Virginia E., Rabeling, Christian, De Fine Licht, Henrik H., Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, Maurício, Bezerra, Cintia M. Santos, and Pagnocca, Fernando C. 2014. "A Brazilian Population of the Asexual Fungus-Growing Ant Mycocepurus smithii (Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Attini) Cultivates Fungal Symbionts with Gongylidia-Like Structures." PLoS ONE, 9, (8) 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103800. 2014
- Rabeling, Christian, Schultz, Ted R., Pierce, Naomi E, and Bacci Jr., Maurício. 2014. "A Social Parasite Evolved Reproductive Isolation from Its Fungus-Growing Ant Host in Sympatry." Current Biology, 24, (17) 2047–2052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.048. 2014
- Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, Brian L., Schultz, Ted R., and Ward, Philip S. 2014. "The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants." BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-93. 2014
- Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., Brandao, Carlos R. F., Klingenberg, Christiana, Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Rabeling, Christian, Bacci, Mauricio, Jr., Lopes, Caue T., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2013. "Cyatta abscondita: Taxonomy, Evolution, and Natural History of a New Fungus-Farming Ant Genus from Brazil." Plos One, 8, (11) e80498–e80498. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080498. 2013
- Jesovnik, A., Sosa-Calvo, J., Lopes, C. T., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2013. "Nest architecture, fungus gardens, queen, males and larvae of the fungus-growing ant Mycetagroicus inflatus Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes." Insectes Sociaux, 60, (4) 531–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-013-0320-8. 2013
- Adams, Rachelle M. M., Jones, Tappey H., Jeter, Andrew W., De, Fine Licht, Schultz, Ted R., and Nash, David R. 2012. "A comparative study of exocrine gland chemistry in Trachymyrmex and Sericomyrmex fungus-growing ants." Biochemical systematics and ecology, 40 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2011.10.011. 2012
- Jones, Tappey H., Adams, Rachelle M. M., Spande, Thomas F., Garraffo, H. Martin, Kaneko, Tetsuo, and Schultz, Ted R. 2012. "Histrionicotoxin Alkaloids Finally Detected in an Ant." Journal of natural products, 75, (11) 1930–1936. https://doi.org/10.1021/np300485v. 2012
- Mehdiabadi, Natasha J., Mueller, Ulrich G., Brady, Seán Gary, Himler, Anna G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2012. "Symbiont fidelity and the origin of species in fungus-growing ants." Nature Communications, 3 840. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1844. 2012
- Rey, Olivier, Estoup, Arnaud, Vonshak, Merav, Loiseau, Anne, Blanchet, Simon, Calcaterra, Luis, Chifflet, Lucila, Rossi, Jean-Pierre, Kergoat, Gaël J., Foucaud, Julien, Orivel, Jé, Leponce, Maurice, Schultz, Ted R., and Facon, Benoit. 2012. "Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area." Ecology Letters, 15, (11) 1266–1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01849.x. 2012
- Rabeling, Christian, Gonzales, Omar, Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, Maurício, Garcia, Marcos V. B., Verhaagh, Manfred, Ishak, Heather D., and Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard. 2011. "Cryptic sexual populations account for genetic diversity and ecological success in a widely distributed, asexual fungus-growing ant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, (30) 12366–12371. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105467108. 2011
- Solomon, Scott E., Lopes, Caue T., Mueller, Ulrich G., Rodrigues, Andre, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2011. "Nesting biology and fungiculture of the fungus-growing ant, Mycetagroicus cerradensis: New light on the origin of higher-attine agriculture." Journal of Insect Science, 11, (12) 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.011.0112. 2011
- Mehdiabadi, Natasha J. and Schultz, Ted R. 2010. "Natural history and phylogeny of the fungus-farming ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini)." Myrmecological News, 13 37–55. 2010
- Ward, Philip S., Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, Brian L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2010. "Phylogeny and Biogeography of Dolichoderine Ants: Effects of Data Partitioning and Relict Taxa on Historical Inference." Systematic Biology, 59, (3) 342–362. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq012. 2010
- Sosa-Calvo, J. and Schultz, Ted R. 2010. "Three Remarkable New Fungus-Growing Ant Species of the Genus Myrmicocrypta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), With a Reassessment of the Characters That Define the Genus and Its Position Within the Attini." Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, (2) 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN09108. 2010
- Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Brady, Seán Gary, and Schultz, Ted R. 2009. "The Gyne of the Enigmatic Fungus-Farming Ant Species Mycetosoritis explicata." Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18, (1) 113–120. 2009
- Schultz, Ted R. and Brady, Seán Gary. 2008. "Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, (14) 5435–5440. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711024105. 2008
- Taerum, Stephen J., Cafaro, Matias J., Little, Ainslie E. F., Schultz, Ted R., and Currie, Cameron Robert. 2007. "Low host-pathogen specificity in the leaf-cutting ant-microbe symbiosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, (1621) 1971–1978. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0431. 2007
Chapter
- Ješovnik, Ana and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "Agricultural and Proto-Agricultural Symbioses in Ants." In The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Insects. Schultz, Ted R., Gawne, Richard, and Peregrine, Peter N., editors. 143–159. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. In Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13600.003.0014. 2022
- Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Fungus-Farming Ants." In The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Insects. Schultz, Ted R., editor. 281–313. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. In Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13600.003.0021. 2022
- Schultz, Ted R. 2020. "Fungus-Farming Ants (Attini in Part)." In Encyclopedia of Social Insects. Starr, Christopher, editor. 1–8. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_46-1. 2020
Dataset
- Branstetter, Michael G., Longino, John T., Reyes-López, Joaquín, Brady, Seán G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. [Dataset] Out of the temperate zone: a phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Stenammini). Distributed by Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.2280GB5TV. 2022

Editor Of

Book
- Schultz, Ted R., Gawne, Richard, and Peregrine, Peter N., editors. 2022. The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Insects. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Müller, Gerd B. Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13600.001.0001. 2022

Schultz, Ted

Research Entomologist and Curator of Hymenoptera

Schultz, Ted

Research Entomologist and Curator of Hymenoptera

Geographic Focus

Background And Education

Education And Training

Awards And Honors

Research And Grants

Investigator On

Publications

Selected Publications

Article

Chapter

Dataset

Editor Of

Book

Affiliation

Member Of

Contact

Location

Schultz, Ted

Research Entomologist and Curator of Hymenoptera

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Schultz, Ted

Research Entomologist and Curator of Hymenoptera

Geographic Focus

Background And Education

Education And Training

Awards And Honors

Research And Grants

Investigator On

Publications

Selected Publications

Article

Chapter

Dataset

Editor Of

Book

Affiliation

Member Of

Contact

Location