
Neale, Patrick
Senior Research Scientist
I study the effects of sunlight, especially ultraviolet radiation, on ecosystems and the environment. I mainly work in freshwater and marine systems focusing on the responses of the smallest organisms in those systems, the plankton, in particular phytoplankton and photosynthesis. A long term project has been studying the effects of increased UV-B due to Antarctic ozone depletion on the productivity of the Southern Ocean which surrounds the Antarctic continent. More recently, I have been studying carbon cycling in the Chesapeake Bay using the optical properties of bay waters in the UV. I also supervise the SI solar-radiation monitoring program which has been measuring UV-B radiation in Maryland since the 1970s compiling one of the longest records of spectral irradiance in the world.
Research Areas
- Algal Blooms
- Aquatic Ecosystems
- CO2
- Climate Change
- Ecology
- Ecosystems
- Environmental Chemistry
- Estuarine Ecology
- Global Change
- Ozone Depletion
- Phytoplankton Ecology
- Solar Radiation
- UVB radiation
Geographic Focus
- Antarctica Continent
- Chesapeake Bay Geographic Region
Background And Education
Research And Grants
investigator on
- Engaging Citizen Scientists to Monitor Water Quality in Chesapeake Bay 2021 - 2023
- missing activity
- 2010 UV Radiometer Network awarded by U.S. Department of Commerce
- 2012 UV Radiometer Network awarded by U.S. Department of Commerce
- Collaborative Research: Tidal Marsh Outwelling of Dissolved Organic Matter into the Chesapeake Bay: Impact on the Optical, Chemical & Microbial Characteristics of Estuarine Waters awarded by Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc
- Ecosystems on the Edge - Tidal Wetland-Estuary Margins as Buffers , Reactors, and Transformers of Organic C and N awarded by CUNY City College
- Tidal wetlands as sources and sinks of carbon in a changing world: Remote Sensing, Measurements and Modeling of Wetland-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions awarded by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) - Shared Services Center
Publications
selected publications
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article
- Shelton, Sydney, Neale, Patrick, Pinsonneault, Andrew, and Tzortziou, Maria. 2021. "Biodegradation and Photodegradation of Vegetation-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Tidal Marsh Ecosystems." Estuaries and Coasts https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00982-7 2021
- Grunert, Brice K., Tzortziou, Maria, Neale, Patrick, Menendez, Alana, and Hernes, Peter. 2021. "DOM degradation by light and microbes along the Yukon River-coastal ocean continuum." Scientific Reports 11 (1):https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89327-9 2021
- Wollschlaeger, Jochen, Neale, Patrick J., North, Rebecca L., Striebel, Maren, and Zielinski, Oliver. 2021. "Editorial: Climate Change and Light in Aquatic Ecosystems: Variability & Ecological Consequences." Frontiers in Marine Science 8:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.688712 2021
- Neale, R. E., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, Patrick J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Wilson, S. R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A. L., Heikkila, A. M., Bernhard, G. H., Bais, A. F., Aucamp, P. J., Banaszak, A. T., Bornman, J. F., Bruckman, L. S., Byrne, S. N., Foereid, B., Haeder, D. -P, Hollestein, L. M., Hou, W. -C, Hylander, S., Jansen, M. A. K., Klekociuk, A. R., Liley, J. B. et al. 2021. "Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 20:1-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x 2021
- Logozzo, Laura, Tzortziou, Maria, Neale, Patrick J., and Clark, J. Blake. 2021. "Photochemical and Microbial Degradation of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Exported From Tidal Marshes." Journal of Geophysical Research. G. Biogeosciences, 126, (4), Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005744. 2021
- Barnes, Paul W., Bornman, Janet F., Pandey, Krishna K., Bernhard, Germar H., Bais, Alkiviadis F., Neale, Rachel E., Robson, Thomas Matthew, Neale, Patrick J., Williamson, Craig E., Zepp, Richard G., Madronich, Sasha, Wilson, Stephen R., Andrady, Anthony L., Heikkila, Anu M., and Robinson, Sharon A. 2021. "The success of the Montreal Protocol in mitigating interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change on the environment." Global Change Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15841 2021
- Pickett, James E., Neale, Patrick J., and Pickett, Jacob P. 2020. "Annual solar spectral energy distributions in North America." Polymer Degradation and Stability 182:109380-109380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109380 2020
- Clark, J. Blake, Neale, Patrick, Tzortziou, Maria, Cao, Fang, and Hood, Raleigh R. 2020. "Correction to: A mechanistic model of photochemical transformation and degradation of colored dissolved organic matter (vol 214, 103666, 2019)." Marine Chemistry 225:103852-103852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103852 2020
- Pinsonneault, Andrew J., Neale, Patrick J., Tzortziou, Maria, Canuel, Elizabeth A., Pondell, Christina R., Morrissette, Hannah, Megonigal, James Patrick, and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. 2020. "Dissolved organic carbon sorption dynamics in tidal marsh soils." Limnology and Oceanography https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11598 2020
- Bernhard, G. H., Neale, R. E., Barnes, P. W., Neale, P. J., Zepp, R. G., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Bais, A. F., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Young, P. J., Liley, J. B., Lucas, R. M., Yazar, S., Rhodes, L. E., Byrne, S. N., Hollestein, L. M., Olsen, C. M., Young, A. R., Robson, T. M., Bornman, J. F., Jansen, M. A. K., Robinson, S. A., Ballare, C. L., Williamson, C. E. et al. 2020. "Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 19 (5):542-584. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0pp90011g 2020
- Clark, J. Blake, Neale, Patrick, Tzortziou, Maria, Cao, Fang, and Hood, Raleigh R. 2019. "A mechanistic model of photochemical transformation and degradation of colored dissolved organic matter." Marine Chemistry 214:Article 103666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103666 2019
- Lorenzo, M. R., Neale, Patrick J., Sobrino, Cristina, León, Pablo, Vázquez, Víctor, Bresnan, Eileen, and Segovia, María. 2019. "Effects of elevated CO2 on growth, calcification and spectral dependence of photoinhibition in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae)." Journal of Phycology 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12885 2019
- Barnes, Paul W., Williamson, Craig E., Lucas, Robyn M., Robinson, Sharon A., Madronich, Sasha, Paul, Nigel D., Bornman, Janet F., Bais, Alkiviadis F., Sulzberger, Barbara, Wilson, Stephen R., Andrady, Anthony L., McKenzie, Richard L., Neale, Patrick J., Austin, Amy T., Bernhard, Germar H., Solomon, Keith R., Neale, Rachel E., Young, Paul J., Norval, Mary, Rhodes, Lesley E., Hylander, Samuel, Rose, Kevin C., Longstreth, Janice, Aucamp, Pieter J., Ballaré, Carlos L. et al. 2019. "Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future." Nature Sustainability 2 (7):569-579. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0314-2 2019
- Rose, Kevin C., Neale, Patrick J., Tzortziou, Maria, Gallegos, Charles L., and Jordan, Thomas E. 2019. "Patterns of spectral, spatial, and long-term variability in light attenuation in an optically complex sub-estuary: Trends in sub-estuary light attenuation." Limnology and Oceanography 64 (S1):S257-S272. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11005 2019
- Williamson, Craig E., Neale, Patrick J., Hylander, Samuel, Rose, Kevin C., Figueroa, Félix L., Robinson, Sharon A., Häder, Donat-P, Wängberg, Sten-Åke, and Worrest, Robert C. 2019. "The interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change on aquatic ecosystems." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences: Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 18:717-746. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp90062k 2019
- Bais, A. F., Lucas, R. M., Bornman, J. F., Williamson, C. E., Sulzberger, B., Austin, A. T., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Bernhard, G., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Madronich, S., Neale, R. E., Yazar, S., Young, A. R., de Gruijl, F. R., Norval, M., Takizawa, Y., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Robinson, S. A., Ballaré, C. L., Flint, S. D., Neale, Patrick J., Hylander, S. et al. 2018. "Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences: Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 17:127-179. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp90043k 2018
- Clark, J. B., Long, Wen, Tzortziou, Maria, Neale, Patrick J., and Hood, Raleigh R. 2018. "Wind-Driven Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in a Chesapeake Bay Tidal Marsh-Estuary System." Estuaries and Coasts 41 (3):780-723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0295-1 2018
- Neale, Patrick J. and Thomas, Brian C. 2017. "Inhibition by Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Available Radiation Lowers Model Estimates of Depth-Integrated Picophytoplankton Photosynthesis: Global Predictions for Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus." Global Change Biology 23 (1):293-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13356 2017
- Smyth, Robyn L., Akan, Cigdem, Tejada-Martínez, Andrés, and Neale, Patrick J. 2017. "Quantifying phytoplankton productivity and photoinhibition in the Ross Sea Polynya with large eddy simulation of Langmuir circulation." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (7):5545-5565. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012747 2017
- Nelson, Natalie G., Muñoz-Carpena, Rafael, Neale, Patrick J., Tzortziou, Maria, and Megonigal, J. Patrick. 2017. "Temporal variability in the importance of hydrologic, biotic, and climatic descriptors of dissolved oxygen dynamics in a shallow tidal-marsh creek." Water Resources Research 53 (8):7103-7120. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020196 2017
- Whigham, Dennis F., Walker, C. M., Maurer, J., King, R. S., Hauser, W., Baird, S., Keuskamp, J. A., and Neale, Patrick J. 2017. "Watershed influences on the structure and function of riparian wetlands associated with headwater streams – Kenai Peninsula, Alaska." Science of The Total Environment 599–600:124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.290 2017
- Williamson, Craig E., Overholt, Erin P., Brentrup, Jennifer A., Pilla, Rachel M., Leach, Taylor H., Schladow, S. G., Warren, Joseph D., Urmy, Samuel S., Sadro, Steven, Chandra, Sudeep, and Neale, Patrick J. 2016. "Sentinel responses to droughts, wildfires, and floods: effects of UV radiation on lakes and their ecosystem services." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14 (2):102-109. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1228 2016
- Neale, Patrick J. and Thomas, Brian C. 2016. "Solar Irradiance Changes and Phytoplankton Productivity in Earth's Ocean Following Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Events." Astrobiology 16 (4):245-258. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1360 2016
- Fuentes-Lema, Antonio, Sobrino, Cristina, Gonzlez, Natalia, Estrada, Marta, and Neale, Patrick J. 2015. "Effect of solar UVR on the production of particulate and dissolved organic carbon from phytoplankton assemblages in the Indian Ocean." Marine Ecology Progress Series, 47–61. 535, OLDENDORF LUHE; NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY: INTER-RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11414. 2015
- Gallegos, Charles L. and Neale, Patrick J. 2015. "Long-term variations in primary production in a eutrophic sub-estuary: Contribution of short-term events." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 162:22-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.01.015 2015
- Sanders, Robert W., Cooke, Sandra L., Fischer, Janet M., Fey, Samuel B., Heinze, Adam W., Jeffrey, Wade H., Macaluso, Amy L., Moeller, Robert E., Morris, Donald P., Neale, Patrick J., Olson, Mark H., Dean Pakulski, J., Porter, Jason A., Schoener, Donald M., and Williamson, Craig E. 2015. "Shifts in microbial food web structure and productivity after additions of naturally occurring dissolved organic matter: Results from large-scale lacustrine mesocosms." Limnology and Oceanography 60 (6):2130-2144. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10159 2015
- Thomas, Brian C., Neale, Patrick J., and Snyder, Brock R. 2015. "Solar Irradiance Changes and Photobiological Effects at Earth's Surface Following Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Events." Astrobiology 15 (3):207-220. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1224 2015
- Neale, Patrick J., Sobrino, C., Segovia, M., Mercado, J. M., Leon, P., Cortes, M. D., Tuite, P., Picazo, A., Salles, S., Cabrerizo, M. J., Prasil, O., Montecino, V., Reul, A., and Fuentes-Lema, A. 2014. "Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. I. Abiotic conditions and biological responses." Aquatic Biology 22:25-41. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00587 2014
- Mercado, J. M., Sobrino, C., Neale, Patrick J., Segovia, M., Reul, A., Amorim, A. L., Carrillo, P., Claquin, P., Cabrerizo, M. J., Leon, P., Lorenzo, M. R., Medina-Sanchez, J. M., Montecino, V., Napoleon, C., Prasil, O., Putzeys, S., Salles, S., and Yebra, L. 2014. "Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. II. Metabolic rates." Aquatic Biology 22:43-57. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00606 2014
- Reul, A., Munoz, M., Bautista, B., Neale, Patrick J., Sobrino, C., Mercado, J. M., Segovia, M., Salles, S., Kulk, G., Leon, P., van de Poll, W. H., Perez, E., Buma, A., and Blanco, J. M. 2014. "Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. III. Trophic cascade, size structure and composition." Aquatic Biology 22:59-76. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00585 2014
- Sobrino, C., Segovia, M., Neale, Patrick J., Mercado, J. M., Garcia-Gomez, C., Kulk, G., Lorenzo, M. R., Camarena, T., van de Poll, W. H., Spilling, K., and Ruan, Z. 2014. "Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. IV. Physiological responses." Aquatic Biology 22:77-93. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00590 2014
- Figueroa, F. L., Mercado, J. M., Beardall, J., Neale, Patrick J., Montecino, V., and Kromkamp, J. C. 2014. "Introduction." Aquatic Biology 22:1-4. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00613 2014
- Fragoso, Glaucia Moreira, Neale, Patrick J., Kana, Todd Milan, and Pritchard, Alicia Lynn. 2014. "Kinetics of Photosynthetic Response to Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Synechococcus WH8102 (CYANOBACTERIA)." Photochemistry and photobiology 90 (3):522-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12202 2014
- Kieber, David J., Miller, Gary W., Neale, Patrick J., and Mopper, Kenneth. 2014. "Wavelength and temperature-dependent apparent quantum yields for photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in seawater." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 16 (4):https://doi.org/10.1039/c4em00036f 2014
- Neale, Patrick J. 2013. "Species Specific Responses to Combined Thermal-irradiance Stress in Microalgae - "Each is to its Own"." Photochemistry and Photobiology 89 (4):822-823. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12081 2013
- Neale, Patrick J., Pritchard, A. L., and Ihnacik, R. 2013. "UV effects on the primary productivity of picophytoplankton: biological weighting functions and exposure response curves of Synechococcus." Biogeosciences Discussions 10 (12):19449-19484. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-19449-2013 2013
- Torres-Nuñez, E., Sobrino, C., Neale, Patrick J., Ceinos, R. M., Du, S. J., and Rotllant, J. 2012. "Molecular Response to Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Fish Embryos: Implications for Survival and Morphological Development." Photochemistry and photobiology 88 (3):701-707. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01088.x 2012
- Smyth, Robyn L., Sobrino, Cristina, Phillips-Kress, Jesse, Kim, Hae-Cheol, and Neale, Patrick J. 2012. "Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to solar ultraviolet irradiance in the Ross Sea Polynya: Development and evaluation of a time-dependent model with limited repair." Limnology and Oceanography 57 (6):1602-1618. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.6.1602 2012
- Neale, Patrick J., Sobrino, Cristina, and Gargett, Ann E. 2012. "Vertical Mixing and the Effects of Solar Radiation on Photosystem II Electron Transport by Phytoplankton in the Ross Sea Polynya." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 63:118-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.01.011 2012
- Tzortziou, Maria, Neale, Patrick J., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Pow, Crystal Lee, and Butterworth, Megan. 2011. "Spatial gradients in dissolved carbon due to tidal marsh outwelling into a Chesapeake Bay estuary." Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:41-56. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09017 2011
- Miller, Harlan L., III., Neale, Patrick J., and Dunton, Kenneth H. 2009. "Biological Weighting Functions for UV inhibition of photosynthesis in the Kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae)." Journal of Phycology 45 (3):571-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00694.x 2009
- Sobrino, Cristina, Neale, Patrick J., Phillips-Kress, J. D., Moeller, R. E., and Porter, J. A. 2009. "Elevated CO2 increases sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation in lacustrine phytoplankton assemblages." Limnology and Oceanography 54 (6):2448-2459. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2448 2009
- MacKay, M. D., Neale, Patrick J., Arp, C. D., Domis, L. N. De Senerpont, Fang, X., Gal, G., Joehnk, K. D., Kirillin, G., Lenters, J. D., Litchman, E., MacIntyre, S., Marsh, P., Melack, J., Mooij, W. M., Peeters, F., Quesada, A., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, M., Spence, C., and Stokes, S. L. 2009. "Modeling lakes and reservoirs in the climate system." Limnology and Oceanography 54 (6):2315-2329. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2315 2009
- Lantz, Kathleen, Disterhoft, Patrick, Slusser, James, Gao, Wei, Berndt, Jerry, Bernhard, Germar, Bloms, Sarah, Booth, Rocky, Ehramjian, James, Harrison, Lee, Janson, George, Johnston, Paul, Kiedron, Piotr, McKenzie, Richard, Kimlin, Michael, Neale, Patrick J., O'Neill, Michael, Quang, Vi V., Seckmeyer, Gunther, Taylor, Thomas, Wuttke, Sigrid, and Michalsky, Joseph. 2008. "2003 North American interagency intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers: scanning and spectrograph instruments." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 2 (1):Art. no. 023547. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3040299 2008
- Sobrino, C., Ward, M. L., and Neale, Patrick J. 2008. "Acclimation to elevated carbon dioxide and ultraviolet radiation in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: Effects on growth, photosynthesis, and spectral sensitivity of photoinhibition." Limnology and Oceanography 53:494-505. 2008
- Fritz, Jennifer J., Neale, Patrick J., Davis, Richard F., and Peloquin, Jill A. 2008. "Response of Antarctic phytoplankton to solar UVR exposure: inhibition and recovery of photosynthesis in coastal and pelagic assemblages." Marine Ecology Progress Series 365 (1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07610 2008
- Tzortziou, M., Neale, Patrick J., Osburn, C. L., Megonigal, J. Patrick, and Jaffe, R. 2008. "Tidal marshes as a source of optically and chemically distinctive colored dissolved organic matter in the Chesapeake Bay." Limnology and Oceanography 53:148-159. 2008
- Tzortziou, Maria, Osburn, C. L., and Neale, Patrick J. 2007. "Photobleaching of dissolved organic material from a tidal marsh-estuarine system of the Chesapeake Bay." Photochemistry and photobiology 83 (4):782-792. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00142.x 2007
- Tzortziou, M., Subramaniam, A., Herman, J., Gallegos, Charles L., Neale, Patrick J., and Harding, L. W. 2007. "Remote Sensing Reflectance and Inherent Optical Properties in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay." Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:16-32. 2007
- Sobrino, C. and Neale, Patrick J. 2007. "Short-term and long-term effects of temperature on photosynthesis in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana under UVR exposure." Journal of Phycology 43:426-436. 2007
- Neale, Patrick J., Helbling, E. Walter, and Day, Thomas A. 2007. "Symposium In Print: UV Effects in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments: Introduction." Photochemistry and photobiology 83 (4):775-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00176.x 2007
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chapter
- Neale, Patrick and Smyth, Robyn. 2019. "Are warmer waters, brighter waters?." in Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate, edited by Häder, Donat-Peter and Gao, Kunshan., 89-115. CRC Press. 2019
- Tzortziou, Maria, Gallegos, Charles L., Neale, Patrick J., Subramaniam, Ajit, Herman, Jay R., and Harding, Lawrence W., Jr. 2009. "Bio-optical characteristics and remote sensing in the mid Chesapeake Bay through intergration of observations and radiative transfer closure." in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies for Coastal Ecosystem Assessment and Management, edited by Xiaojun, Yang., 139-168. Springer. 2009
- Neale, Patrick J., Jeffrey, Wade H., Sobrino, Cristina, Pakulski, J. Dean, Phillips-Kress, Jesse, Baldwin, Amy J., Franklin, Linda, and Kim, Hae-Cheol. 2009. "Inhibition of Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity by Solar Radiation in the Ross Sea Polynya." in Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar Year Science, edited by Krupnik, Igor, Lang, Michael A., and Miller, Scott E., 299-308. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.097884601X.22 2009
- Moisan, T. A., Goes, J., and Neale, Patrick J. 2009. "Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids In Phytoplankton: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Optics." in Marine Phytoplankton, edited by Kersey, W. T. and Munger, S. P., 119-143. Nova Science Publishers. 2009
- Williamson, C. E. and Neale, Patrick J. 2008. "Ultraviolet Light." in Encyclopedia of Inland Waters v.2, edited by Likens, Gene E., 705-714. Elsevier. 2008
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dataset
- Chitra-Tarak, Rutuja, McMahon, Sean M., and Neale, Patrick J. 2019. [Dataset] "SERC Meteorological Data." Distributed by The Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.25573/SERC.11020646.V2 2019
Other
Location
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Academic Department