We present a measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature power spectrum using data from the recently completed South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. This measurement is made from observations of 2540 deg2 of sky with arcminute resolution at 150 GHz, and improves upon previous measurements using the SPT by tripling the sky area. We report CMB temperature anisotropy power over the multipole range 650 of sky with arcminute resolution at 150 GHz, and improves upon previous measurements using the SPT by tripling the sky area. We report CMB temperature anisotropy power over the multipole range 650 of sky with arcminute resolution at 150 GHz, and improves upon previous measurements using the SPT by tripling the sky area. We report CMB temperature anisotropy power over the multipole range 650 s tightens by a factor of 2.7. The impact of gravitational lensing is detected at 8.1s, the most significant detection to date. This sensitivity of the SPT WMAP7 data to lensing by large-scale structure at low redshifts allows us to constrain the mean curvature of the observable universe with CMB data alone to be {\Omega _{k}}=-0.003^{ 0.014}_{-0.018}. Using the SPT WMAP7 data, we measure the spectral index of scalar fluctuations to be ns = 0.9623 ± 0.0097 in the ?CDM model, a 3.9s preference for a scale-dependent spectrum with nss in large-scale CMB measurements, leading to an upper limit of r in large-scale CMB measurements, leading to an upper limit of r 0) and the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) feature to the SPT WMAP7 data leads to further improvements. The combination of SPT WMAP7 H 0 BAO constrains ns = 0.9538 ± 0.0081 in the ?CDM model, a 5.7s detection of nss and r have significant implications for our understanding of inflation, which we discuss in the context of selected single-field inflation models.
