De Pontieu, B., Rouppe van der Voort, L., McIntosh, S. W., Pereira, T. M. D., Carlsson, M., Hansteen, V., Skogsrud, H., Lemen, J., Title, A., Boerner, P., Hurlburt, N., Tarbell, T. D., Wuelser, J. P., De Luca, E. E., Golub, L., McKillop, S., Reeves, Katharine K., Saar, S., Testa, P., Tian, H., Kankelborg, C., Jaeggli, S., Kleint, L., and Martinez-Sykora, J. 2014. "On the prevalence of small-scale twist in the solar chromosphere and transition region." Science, 346 1255732. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255732.
The solar chromosphere and transition region (TR) form an interface between the Sun's surface and its hot outer atmosphere. There, most of the nonthermal energy that powers the solar atmosphere is transformed into heat, although the detailed mechanism remains elusive. High-resolution (0.33-arc second) observations with NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveal a chromosphere and
