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Periodic signals from the Circinus region: two new cataclysmic variables and the ultraluminous X-ray source candidate GC X-1

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Abstract

  • The examination of two 2010 Chandra ACIS (Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer) exposures of the Circinus galaxy resulted in the discovery of two pulsators: CXO J141430.1-651621 and CXOU J141332.9-651756. We also detected 26 ks pulsations in CG X-1, consistently with previous measures. For ˜40 other sources, we obtained limits on periodic modulations. In CXO J141430.1-651621, which is ˜2 arcmin outside the Circinus galaxy, we detected signals at 6120 ± 1 s and 64.2 ± 0.5 ks. In the longest observation, the source showed a flux of ˜1.1 × 10-13 erg cm-2 s-1 (absorbed, 0.5-10 keV) and the spectrum could be described by a power law with photon index G ? 1.4. From archival observations, we found that the luminosity is variable by ˜50 per cent on time-scales of weeks to years. The two periodicities pin down CXO J141430.1-651621 as a cataclysmic variable of the intermediate polar subtype. The period of CXOU J141332.9-651756 is 6378 ± 3 s. It is located inside the Circinus galaxy, but the low absorption indicates a Galactic foreground object. The flux was ˜5 × 10-14 erg cm-2 s-1 in the Chandra observations and showed ˜50 per cent variations on weekly/yearly scales; the spectrum is well fitted by a power law with G ? 0.9. These characteristics and the large modulation suggest that CXOU J141332.9-651756 is a magnetic cataclysmic variable, probably a polar. For CG X-1, we show that if the source is in the Circinus galaxy, its properties are consistent with a Wolf-Rayet (WR) plus black hole (BH) binary. We consider the implications of this for ultraluminous X-ray sources and the prospects of Advanced LIGO and Virgo. In particular, from the current sample of WR-BH systems, we estimate an upper limit to the detection rate of stellar BH-BH mergers of ˜16 yr-1.

Publication Date

  • 2015

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