We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) for the North American Rhus gall aphid species Melaphis rhois. The mitogenome is 15,436 bp in length with a high A T content of 82.7%, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region. Its gene order is identical to that of the eastern Asian species Schlechtendalia chinensis. All protein-coding genes start with a typical ATN codon and terminate with a TAA codon except COI and ND4 by a single T residue. All the tRNAs except tRNA(Cys) formed a clover-leaf secondary structure. The mitogenome phylogeny of Aphididae suggests that M. rhois is most closely related to the eastern Asian Rhus gall aphid S. chinensis with the present sampling scheme.
