The family Callanthiidae contains two genera, Grammatonotus (with ten nominal and a few putative species) and Callanthias (the Splendid Perches, with seven species). We provide characters that distinguish callanthiids from other percoids and that distinguish Grammatonotus from Callanthias. Also provided are descriptions of Grammatonotus and its species, a key to the species of Grammatonotus, and comments on other aspects of the biology of Grammatonotus.
