The molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae, Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genet Genetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment of G. abyssinica using molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Foret du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen of G. abyssinica collected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship of G. abyssinica to other Genetta species, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships among Genetta species remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.
