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Plastome phylogenomic insights into the Sino-Japanese biogeography of Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae)

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Abstract

  • Understanding the causes of the Sino-Japanese disjunctions in plant taxa has been a central question in eastern Asian biogeography, with vicariance or long-distance dispersal often invoked to explain such patterns. Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae; Linnaeoideae) comprises four shrubby species with a Sino-Japanese disjunct distribution. The species diversification time within Diabelia, covering a long geological history of the formation process of the Sino-Japanese flora, dated back to middle Oligocene, therefore, Diabelia would be an ideal model to elucidate the biogeographic patterns of Sino-Japanese disjunctions with climate fluctuation. In this study, we analyzed complete plastome sequence data for 28 individuals representing all four species of Diabelia. These 28 plastomes were found to be highly similar in overall size (156,243–157,578 bp), structure, gene order and content. Our phylogenomic analysis of the plastomes supported a close relationship between D. ionostachya var. wenzhouensis from eastern China and D. spathulata var. spathulata from Japan. Diabelia serrata was identified as sister to a population of D. sanguinea from Tochigi in Central Japan and D. spathulata var. miyagii Toyama from Central Japan. Most Diabelia lineages were estimated to have differentiated 8–28 Ma ago. Our results indicate that two independent vicariance events may explain the disjunction between Japan and Korea in the mid-late Miocene, and between Zhejiang and Japan in the early Miocene. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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  • 2019

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