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Direct confirmation of the radial-velocity planet ß Pictoris c

Article

Overview

Authors

  • Nowak, M., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A. -M, Rubini, P., Wang, J., Stolker, T., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Beust, H., Blunt, S., Boccaletti, A., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Clénet, Y., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Cridland, A., et al

Abstract

  • Context. Methods used to detect giant exoplanets can be broadly divided into two categories: indirect and direct. Indirect methods are more sensitive to planets with a small orbital period, whereas direct detection is more sensitive to planets orbiting at a large distance from their host star. This dichotomy makes it difficult to combine the two techniques on a single target at once.
    Aims: Simultaneous measurements made by direct and indirect techniques offer the possibility of determining the mass and luminosity of planets and a method of testing formation models. Here, we aim to show how long-baseline interferometric observations guided by radial-velocity can be used in such a way.
    Methods: We observed the recently-discovered giant planet ß Pictoris c with GRAVITY, mounted on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer.
    Results: This study constitutes the first direct confirmation of a planet discovered through radial velocity. We find that the planet has a temperature of T = 1250 ± 50 K and a dynamical mass of M = 8.2 ± 0.8 MJup. At 18.5 ± 2.5 Myr, this puts ß Pic c close to a `hot start' track, which is usually associated with formation via disk instability. Conversely, the planet orbits at a distance of 2.7 au, which is too close for disk instability to occur. The low apparent magnitude (MK = 14.3 ± 0.1) favours a core accretion scenario.
    Conclusions: We suggest that this apparent contradiction is a sign of hot core accretion, for example, due to the mass of the planetary core or the existence of a high-temperature accretion shock during formation.

Published In

Publication Date

  • 2020

Identity

Digital Object Identifier (doi)

Additional Document Info

Start Page

  • L2

Volume

  • 642